Current social and economic processes / Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok

Efficient Corporate Treasury Reporting

Marcell Béli — 2025-07-14

In this study, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used in a large company to produce management reports. An interview with a treasury manager of a company provides the basis for the report to be developed. Through a practical example, we compare three applications for report generation: Excel, Power BI and a core system, InFoRex. To compare the alternatives, the POLANO method is used, in which the best application is selected by considering several criteria at the same time. Our results show that, after evaluating ten criteria, in our case the use of Power BI reporting is clearly the most preferable choice for reporting in a large company.

Crisis Communication and the Leader: Key Factors in Crisis Management

Krisztián Csák — 2025-07-14

The aim of the study is to examine the role and impact of leadership crisis communication in organizational crisis management. In the modern business and social environment, effective leadership strategies for managing crisis situations are crucial for the long-term success and stability of organizations. This study, as a theoretical overview, explores the role of transparent and credible communication, as well as social media, in crisis communication, which, with the possibility of real-time information flow, also creates new challenges, such as the spread of fake news. The research contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between leadership branding and crisis communication, as well as the preservation of trust and reputation among stakeholders in crisis situations.

The Measurability and Economic Relevance of Transformational Leadership: An Analysis of MLQ, GTL, and LPI

Roland Filep — 2025-07-14

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships and differences between the most well-known measurement tools of transformational leadership (GTL, MLQ, LPI). A literature review was conducted, revealing that the GTL includes seven dimensions, while both the MLQ and the LPI consist of five dimensions each. Through secondary data and content analysis, it was concluded that the dimensions of the GTL can be matched to those of the MLQ, while also including two additional dimensions. One of the sub-goals of the study was to explore how the inclusion of the GTL’s two additional dimensions into the MLQ model affects the correlation of the resulting seven leadership styles with organizational profit. Another sub-goal was to present the Hungarian version of the GTL and test its internal consistency, as there is a strong demand in domestic research for a simple yet reliable scale to measure transformational leadership. Testing on a sample of 100 respondents from SMEs revealed that the dimension of “empowerment” ranked second, while “support” ranked sixth among the seven dimensions. Based on the Cronbach’s alpha value, the scale is reliable. In more complex questionnaire-based studies that include multiple thematic sections – where the transformational leadership scale represents only one block – the use of the short and reliable GTL is particularly recommended.

Systematic Analysis of Appearance of Organization Citizenship Behaviour in SME Sector

Zita Ildikó Popovicsné Szilágyi — 2025-07-14

The role of small and medium-sized enterprises is a significant part of the economic life of a country worldwide. In order to retain a valuable human workforce, their organisational culture is of great importance, defining not only organisational values but also internal human relations, including organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), which is expressed through them. Our systematic research explores the relationship between organisational commitment, performance, leadership style, innovation and OCB in SME sector that has been found in international research over the last five years.

As Many Countries, as Many Customs: Sports Financing Solutions in the European Union

Péter Zsolt Kovács — 2025-07-14

This study presents the specific characteristics of sports financing in the European Union through the example of four member states – Hungary, the Czech Republic, Germany, and the Netherlands. The research highlights the shaping influence of the differing historical, social, and economic backgrounds between Western and Eastern member states, which significantly affect the current organizational and financial structures of their sports systems. The study reveals that in Hungary and the Czech Republic, state involvement is dominant, while in Germany and the Netherlands, civil organizations and the private sector are the main driving forces of sports life. Secondary research methods were used for the statistical analysis. We examined sport-related expenditures as a percentage of GDP, spending relative to citizens’ average purchasing power, as well as the number and gender distribution of those employed in the sports sector. The results of the research emphasize that EU sports policy, through the principle of subsidiarity, allows room for member state specificities. Naturally, strengthening the social and economic role of sports requires improving the population's attitude toward physical activity.

The Possibility of Introducing the Euro in the Countries of Central and Eastern Europe

Viktor Hámoros — 2025-07-14

The introduction of the euro has been one of the most significant steps in the economic integration within the European Union, with twenty Member States having adopted it at different times. The enlargement of the euro area has taken place under varying conditions, due to a series of economic crises and reforms, among which the fulfilment of the convergence criteria is of particular importance. Although widely assumed economic benefits such as accelerating growth and inflation stability are associated with the introduction of the euro, literature suggests that the reality is more nuanced: neither the pace of economic growth nor inflation dynamics show a clear correlation in the countries adopting the euro. With regards to inflation, it is particularly important, that despite some assumptions, accession has in practice not led to significant price increases. The convergence of price levels towards the euro and the dollar is also discussed, which is significant for the CEECs, except for Slovenia. The article also refers to a US economic narrative that the rigidity of the euro may hamper economic adjustment. In the context of the possibility of Hungary joining the euro area, it is argued that membership of the currency area alone does not guarantee sustainable economic convergence. The advantages and disadvantages of accession can vary considerably depending on country-specific factors, reform capacity and economic policy strategy. Therefore, further up-to-date research would be needed if Hungary were to reconsider joining the euro area. In the latter case this would be particularly important, especially in the current European economic and political context.

Opportunities for Reducing CO2 Emissions in Road Freight Transport Fleets: Innovative Solutions and Good Practices

Sándor Dr. Nagy — 2025-07-14

The aim of this study is to map corporate approaches and methods for reducing carbon dioxide emissions in road freight transport fleets. The analysis outlines the role of alternative powertrains (electric, hydrogen, CNG/LNG), infrastructure development, eco-driving practices, digital fleet management, and regulatory and financial incentives in decarbonization. The research also highlights the importance of corporate culture and employee mindset transformation. Based on the examined case studies, it can be concluded that emission reduction is most effective when implemented in an integrated manner across technological, organizational, and strategic levels. The findings reveal that for the analysed companies, sustainability is not only an environmental concern but also a matter of competitiveness and operational efficiency.

Milk: “Life, Strength and Health”?! – A Study of Consumer Behaviour Among People With Milk Protein and Lactose Intolerance

Anett Kalapos — 2025-07-14

In our research, we focused on milk protein allergy and lactose intolerance among nutrition-related diseases. During our work, we mapped the biological background of these conditions and then approached the problem using either qualitative or quantitative methods, from both a sales and a consumer perspective. The two studies, complementing each other, provided an opportunity to understand the concerns and consumption-purchasing habits of this segment of the population. We aimed to draw appropriate conclusions at the end and offered some suggestions for consumers.

The Impact of the COVID-19 on the Online Commerce

Dalma Márta Gabnai — 2025-07-14

With its sudden onset and drastically rapid spread, Covid-19 has caused significant changes in people's lives and economies worldwide. Its impact extended not only to everyday life, but also to consumer behaviour, supply chains and online commerce. The departure from traditional sales caused problems for many companies during this period, but Amazon took advantage of the opportunities offered by the situation, thus gaining a significant competitive advantage over other companies in terms of meeting the needs of its employees and consumers safely.

Investigation of the Internal Thermal Conductivity and Heat Radiation Properties of Solar Panels Across Different Technologies

Péter Bencs — 2025-07-14

This study analyses the thermal conductivity and heat radiation characteristics of different solar panel technologies (conventional silicon, PERC, and PERC + UV foil) in a simulation environment. We examined internal temperature rise, heat losses, and heat radiation reduction strategies, considering the climatic conditions of Miskolc. Simulations indicate that conventional silicon panels experience greater temperature increases and degradation over time. The PERC technology reduces heat losses through infrared reflection, while the PERC + UV foil technology ensures the best temperature stability and minimal energy losses. The findings confirm that UV-protected technologies provide longer lifespan and greater efficiency stability, particularly in hot climates.

"Lean" Cables – Or Lean Approach in the Cable Industry

Evelin Dózsa — 2025-07-14

Modernizing production systems and technical developments not only make production more efficient, but also focus on sustainability aspects. This multiple objective was also set by Prysmian MKM Kisteleki Cable Factory and, in the spirit of innovation, it successfully implemented a Lean Six Sigma (LSS) material use optimization project. The objective of this project was actually to optimize use of the masterbatch used during cable production. The title of the paper also suggests that the focus is on improving material efficiency, identified with the Lean approach. The implementation of the project was assisted by the five-step process of the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) methodology, which provided a structured framework for the accurate measurement, analysis and control of material use. Introduction and application of the LSS methodology provided the opportunity for an in-depth examination of the production processes using statistical methods. By modifying the production system, the standard deviation of ~7.66% was reduced to 0.58%.

The Future of Augmented Reality Application Development: Trends and Opportunities

János Simon — 2025-07-14

The future of augmented reality (AR) application development is being shaped by emerging trends and expanding opportunities across various industries. In this study, key advancements in AR technology, including artificial intelligence integration, cloud computing, and 5G connectivity, are examined. The increasing adoption of AR in sectors such as healthcare, education, retail, and manufacturing are highlighted, emphasizing its role in enhancing user experiences and operational efficiency. The challenges related to hardware limitations, data security, and user privacy are also discussed. A review of current development frameworks and platforms is conducted, showcasing the evolution of AR tools and their impact on accessibility for developers. The shift toward web-based and cross-platform AR solutions is explored, demonstrating the growing demand for seamless and scalable applications. Additionally, opportunities for innovation in AR content creation, user interaction, and enterprise applications are identified. Through an analysis of these trends, it is concluded that AR development will continue to evolve, driven by advancements in computing power, sensor technology, and user demand. It is suggested that collaboration between researchers, developers, and businesses will play a crucial role in overcoming existing barriers and unlocking the full potential of AR applications in the future.

Integration of the EFQM Model and Industry 4.0: Management and Organizational Challenges

Barna Tóth — 2025-07-14

The EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) model has been pivotal for decades in developing quality management frameworks and promoting organizational excellence. The emergence of Industry 4.0 has led to the integration of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, IoT (Internet of Things), and automation, bringing significant transformation to management and organizational structures. This research aims to examine the relationship between the EFQM model and Industry 4.0, with a particular focus on the role of quality management in digital transformation while also considering the aspect of sustainable competitiveness. Additionally, we sought to provide an outlook on the anticipated future developments expected with the emergence of Industry 5.0 (and Quality 5.0). The findings suggest that the EFQM model can support organizations in addressing technological challenges while simultaneously enhancing organizational flexibility and fostering innovation. During the expansion of Industry 5.0 and Quality 5.0, human-centricity and sustainability will be top priorities in both industrial and non-industrial environments and tasks. The EFQM model is expected to remain relevant in this evolving landscape, aiding organizations in aligning innovation with quality while acknowledging the inevitability of sustainable development.

The Role of the Chinese State in the Spread of Electromobility

Dávid Tóth — 2025-07-14

The article examines Chinese government support for the electric car industry, one of the most intensively developing industries today. The objective of state action is to create the resources for technological development and innovation, with a focus on growth, advancing the green transition and reducing pollution to create a sustainable future. The development of the industry will also enhance the country's global competitiveness, and China aims to become a leader in this new field by integrating it into the entire value chain. The state will adapt its support for companies and households to this end, helping to create social and economic prosperity. One of the fastest-growing companies, BYD, will also be presented, which has become a major international player over the years thanks in part to the subsidies and has factories on all continents. Electromobility is a complex field whose development potential requires an analysis of several technological and economic factors. The entire life cycle of electric vehicles, the production and use process, from the extraction of raw materials to the recycling of used batteries, must be taken into consideration if it is to become a truly environmentally friendly technology in the future.